Compression testing is a method used to determine a material’s behaviour under compressive forces, where the material is subjected to being squeezed or compacted. This test is essential for understanding the strength, deformation, and stability of materials under compression. Here’s an overview:

1. Purpose:

  • To measure the material’s compressive strength (the maximum load it can withstand before failing).
  • To assess the material’s deformation characteristics, such as elasticity and ductility under compressive forces.

2. Sample Preparation:

  • A standardized sample is prepared depending on the material and test standards.
  • The sample’s dimensions must meet industry specifications (e.g., ASTM, ISO).

3. Test Setup:

  • The sample is placed between two flat, parallel compression plates in a compression testing machine.
  • The machine applies a controlled compressive load to the sample.

4. Execution:

  • The compressive force is gradually increased until the sample deforms, fractures, or collapses.
  • The machine continuously measures and records the applied load and the resulting deformation.

5. Key Measurements:

  • Compressive Strength: The maximum stress the material can sustain under compressive loading.
  • Elastic Modulus (Young’s Modulus): The material’s stiffness, calculated from the initial linear portion of the stress-strain curve.
  • Deformation: The amount of shortening or change in dimensions of the sample.
  • Fracture Point: The load and deformation at which the sample fails.

6. Applications:

  • Evaluating components used in manufacturing, aerospace, and automotive industries.

Compression testing is crucial for ensuring materials can handle compressive stresses in their intended applications.